Jawahar Rozgar Yojana - JRY




Jawahar Rozgar Yojna was launched on April 1, 1989 by merging National Rural Employment Program (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP). At the end of Seventh Five Year Plan
So this was a consolidation of the previous employment programs and it was largest National Employment Program of India at that time with a general objective of providing 90-100 Days Employment per person particularly in backward districts. People below Poverty Line were main targets.
The Yojna was implemented on rural scale. Every village was to be covered through Panchayati Raj Institutions. The village got aide and support from District Rural Development Authority. Expenditures were born by central & state in 80:20 ratios.
Since 1993-94 the Yojna was made more targets oriented and expanded substantially through increased budgetary allocations. It was divided into 3 streams:
First Stream: Comprising general works under JRY and also two sub schemes Indira Awas Yojna and Million Wells Scheme. This stream got 75% of the total allocation. In Indira Awas Yojna the allocation was increased from 6% to 10 % and in Million Wells Scheme from 20% to 30 % during that period.
Second Stream: This was also called intensified JRY and was implemented in selected 120 backward districts. It got 20% allocation.
Third Stream: This was left with 5 % allocation for Innovative programs which included Prevention of labor migration, drought proofing watershed etc. programs.
Since April 1, 1999 this Yojna was replaced by Jawahar Gram samridhi Yojna. Later from September 25, 2001, Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna was merged with Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojna

Rural-Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)

RLEGP was introduced on August 15, 1983, with the objective of (a) improving and expanding employment opportunities for the rural landless with a view to providing guarantee of employment to at least one member of every landless household up to 100 days in a year and (b) creating durable assets for strengthening the infrastructure so as to meet the growing requirements of the rural economy.
An outlay of Rs. 500 crores to be fully financed by the Central Government was provided under this programme in the sixth Plan. The implementation of the programme was entrusted to the states and union territories, but they were required to prepare specific projects for approval by a central committee.
During 1983-85, the central committee approved 320 projects with an estimated cost of Rs. 906.59 crores. The target for employment generation in 1983-84 and 1984-85 was fixed at 360 million many days against which 260.18 million many days of employment was actually generated.
Mid-way through the sixth Plan, the RLEGP was revamped. It started with the dual objective of expanding employment opportunities in the rural areas and providing sharper focus on the landless labour households which constitute the hardcore of the people below the poverty line.
Efforts are being made to implement a limited guarantee for providing 80 to 100 days employment to the landless labour households through this programme.
In the seventh Plan an outlay of Rs. 1,250.81 crores has been provided for NREP in the Central Sector which will be matched equally by the states. An outlay of Rs. 1,743.78 crores has been provided in the seventh Plan for RLEGP which will be borne entirely by the Centre.
Based on the average wage of Rs. 8.61 per day as in 1984-85 and a wage material cost ratio of 50:50, a total employment of 1,445 million many days under NREP and 1,013 million many days under RLEGP is likely to be generated during the seventh Plan period at an average rate of around 290 million many days and 200 million man days per annum respectively.

Integrated Rural Development Programme - IRDP



Vision

IRDP envisions a socially empowered and economically strong society, which ensures equal rights for every human being.



Mission

The existing environment (Social, Political and Economic) deters the poor to grow and empower in power to have access on their lives. IRDP continue to work as mobilization force to empower the poor enabling them to develop and recognize themselves at every level by alleviating poverty at the gross roots level.

Goal

Integrated human development in the specific context of the assessment and management of sustainable livelihoods.


Child friendly school for street children;

Image 01

In our area we are improving education starting simply by providing a teacher and a place to study or piece of chalk and a board on which to write.IRDP is running a child friendly school  named Yousaf Bawa foundation  in  Iben –e- Merriam Colony  St #6 Faisalabad. The target group have comprised of children belonging to socio-economic deprived groups, most disadvantage and from underserved community, street children, orphan, living in poverty, rural and minority children.



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DIET CET 2013 Counselling


టీచర్ పోస్టుల భర్తీలో డీఎడ్ అభ్యర్థులకు ప్రాధాన్యం పెరిగిన నేపథ్యంలో ఈ కోర్సుకు బాగా డిమాండ్ పెరిగింది. ఈ నేపథ్యంలో డిప్లొమా ఇన్ ఎడ్యుకేషన్(డీఎడ్) కోర్సులో ప్రవేశాల కోసం లక్షల మంది నిరీక్షిస్తున్నారు. అయితే డీఎడ్‌లో ప్రవేశాల కోసం నిర్వహించిన ఉమ్మడి ప్రవేశ పరీక్ష (డైట్‌సెట్-2013) ఫలితాలను ప్రకటించి నెల రోజులు కావస్తున్నా ఇంతవరకు ప్రవేశాల కౌన్సెలింగ్‌కు మోక్షం లభించలేదు. అసలు ఇప్పటివరకు డీఎడ్ కాలేజీలకు అనుమతులే రాలేదు. ఈనెల 10వ తేదీ నుంచే విద్యార్థులు ఆప్షన్లు ఇచ్చుకునేలా చర్యలు చేపడతామని గత నెల 18న డైట్‌సెట్ ఫలితాల విడుదల సందర్భంగా తాత్కాలిక షెడ్యూలును ప్రకటించిన విద్యాశాఖ ఆచరణలో విఫలమైంది. జిల్లాల్లోని జిల్లా విద్యా శిక్షణ సంస్థలతోపాటు(డైట్) 700 వరకు ఉన్న ప్రైవేట్ డీఎడ్ కాలేజీల్లో వేటికి అనుమతి ఇచ్చారు? ఏయే కాలేజీల్లో ప్రవేశాలు చేపట్టాలి? ఎన్ని సీట్లు అందుబాటులో ఉంచాలి? అనే వివరాలేవీ ప్రభుత్వం నుంచి డైట్‌సెట్ విభాగానికి అందలేదు. దీంతో కౌన్సెలింగ్‌లో జాప్యం జరుగుతోంది. ఫలితంగా డైట్‌సెట్‌లో అర్హత సాధించిన 2,71,533 మందికి ఎదురు చూపులు తప్పడం లేదు.


కాలేజీలకు అనుమతులు ఇవ్వడంలో ప్రభుత్వ నిర్లక్ష్యం కారణంగా గతేడాది జూలైలో చేపట్టాల్సిన డీఎడ్ ప్రవేశాలను విద్యాశాఖ ఈ ఏడాది ఫిబ్రవరిలో పూర్తి చేసింది. దీంతో డీఎడ్ ప్రథమ ఏడాది వార్షిక పరీక్షల్లో తీవ్ర జాప్యం చోటు చేసుకుంది. ఈ విద్యార్థులు మరో 2 నెలల తరువాతగాని పరీక్షలు రాయలేని పరిస్థితి నెలకొంది. ఒక విద్యా సంవత్సరం పూర్తి కావాలంటే 222 రోజుల పాటు కాలేజీలు పని చేయాలి.


డీఎడ్ కాలేజీలకు ఇంకా అనుమతులు లభించకపోవటంతో విద్యాశాఖ ప్రకటించిన తాత్కాలిక షెడ్యూలు అమలు కాలేదు. డైట్‌సెట్ ఫలితాల సందర్భంగా విద్యాశాఖ పేర్కొన్న తాత్కాలిక షెడ్యూలు ప్రకారం జూన్ 30వ తేదీ నాటికి డీఎడ్ కాలేజీల జాబితాను ఖరాారు చేయాలి. కాలేజీల్లో ప్రవేశాలకు ఆన్‌లైన్‌లో వెబ్ ఆప్షన్ల ప్రక్రియను ఈనెల 10వతేదీ నుంచే ప్రారంభించాలి. 18న సీట్లను కేటాయిస్తామని పేర్కొంది. ఈనెల 20, 21వ తేదీల్లో ప్రభుత్వ డైట్‌లలో మొదటి దశ కౌన్సెలింగ్ నిర్వహించి ప్రవేశాలు చేపడతామని వెల్లడించింది. ఆగస్టు 1వ తేదీ నుంచి తరగతులను ప్రారంభిస్తామని ప్రకటించింది. అయితే కాలేజీలకు ఇంతవరకూ అనుమతులు లభించకపోవడంతో ఆ షెడ్యూలు అమలుకు నోచుకోలేదు.


ప్రైవేట్ డీఎడ్ కాలేజీల్లో వేటిల్లో తగిన వసతులు ఉన్నాయి? ఫ్యాకల్టీ సరిపడ ఉన్నారా? నిబంధనల ప్రకారం కాలేజీలు పనిచేస్తున్నాయా? అనే విషయాలన్నీ విద్యాశాఖ అధికారులకు తెలుసు. అయినా ఏటా తనిఖీల పేరుతో ప్రవేశాల ప్రక్రియను జాప్యం చేస్తున్నారు. పోనీ నిబంధనల ప్రకారం నడుచుకోని కాలేజీలపై చర్యలు చేపడుతున్నారా? అంటే అదీ లేదు! తనిఖీల పేరుతో కాలేజీల వద్దకు వెళ్లిన అధికారులు, రాష్ట్ర విద్యా పరిశోధన, శిక్షణ సంస్థ(ఎస్‌సీఈఆర్‌టీ)లోని కొందరు సిబ్బంది భారీగా ముడుపులు దండుకుంటున్నారనే ఆరోపణలు వినిపిస్తున్నాయి.

మంత్రుల పేరుతో వారి అనుచరులు దళారుల అవతారం ఎత్తి ఒక్కో కాలేజీ నుంచి రూ. లక్ష నుంచి లక్షన్నర వరకు వసూలు చేసినట్లు గతంలోనే ఆరోపణలు వచ్చాయి. గత ఏడాదైతే తనిఖీలు జరిగిన కాలేజీల్లో సరిగ్గా జరగలేదని ఫిర్యాదులు వచ్చాయనే సాకుతో మళ్లీ తనిఖీలకు ఆదేశించి భారీగా ముడుపుల దందాకు తెరతీసినట్లు పెద్ద ఎత్తున ఆరోపణలు వచ్చాయి. డీఎడ్ సీటు కోసం ఎదురుచూస్తూ డి గ్రీలో చేరకపోవటంతో విద్యా సంవత్సరాన్ని కోల్పోయిన విద్యార్థులు కూడా ఉన్నారు.


Tags:DIET CET 2013 DIET CET 2013 Counseling  DIET CET 2013 Counseling , DIET CET 2013 Counselling, DIET CET 2013 Counselling, DIET CET 2013 Counselling




‘సెయిల్’లో 640 ఉద్యోగాలకు 1.80 లక్షల దరఖాస్తులు

ప్రభుత్వ రంగ ఉక్కు సంస్థ ‘స్టీల్ అథారిటీ ఆఫ్ ఇండియా లిమిటెడ్’ (సెయిల్) ఉద్యోగ ప్రకటనకు అనూహ్యమైన స్పందన లభించింది. సంస్థ ప్రకటించిన 680 ఉద్యోగాలకు ఏకంగా సుమారు 1.80 లక్షల దరఖాస్తులు వచ్చాయి. దేశంలోని ప్రముఖ విద్యాసంస్థల నుంచి ఇంజనీరింగ్ డిగ్రీలు పొందిన యువకులు దరఖాస్తు చేసుకున్నారు. రూ.72 వేల కోట్ల వ్యయంతో చేపట్టిన ఆధునీకరణ కార్యక్రమంలో భాగంగా ఏటా సుమారు 600 మంది నియామకాలు చేపడుతూ వస్తున్నట్లు ‘సెయిల్’ తెలిపింది.

టెట్ దరఖాస్తులో ఆధార్ సంఖ్య తప్పనిసరి కాదు



ఉపాధ్యాయ అర్హత పరీక్ష(టెట్) దరఖాస్తు ఫారంలో ఆధార్ నంబర్ నింపడం తప్పనిసరి కాదని టెట్ పరీక్ష నిర్వాహక సంస్థ సంబంధిత వెబ్‌సైట్‌లో ప్రకటించింది. జూలై 2011లో నిర్వహించిన తొలి టెట్ పరీక్షకు ఉన్న సిలబస్, పుస్తకాలే ఇప్పుడూ వర్తిస్తాయని పేర్కొంది. ఇదివరకే టెట్ పరీక్ష రాసినవారు ఆయా పరీక్షల హాల్‌టికెట్ నంబర్‌ల కోసం వెబ్‌సైట్‌లో ‘పాత హాల్‌టికెట్ నంబర్ తెలుసుకోండి’ అనే శీర్షికను క్లిక్ చేసి తెలుసుకోవచ్చని తెలిపింది. ఆన్‌లైన్ దరఖాస్తులో తప్పులు దొర్లితే ఆగస్టు 2 వరకూ సవరించుకునే అవకాశం ఉందని, ఇందుకు వెబ్‌సైట్‌లో ఉన్న ‘కంప్లైంట్ బాక్స్’ శీర్షికను వినియోగించి సవరించుకోవచ్చని పేర్కొంది. ఇతర అన్ని రకాల సందేహాలకు http://aptet.cgg. gov.in వెబ్‌సైట్‌ను సందర్శించవచ్చు.

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AP Panchayat Secretary Recruitment 2013 Notification


AP Panchayat Secretary  Recruitment 2013 Notification, Online Application
www.apspsc.gov.in -APPSC Notification 2013 Latest Upcoming Recruitment-2677 Posts
Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission will announce notification for recruiting 2677 Panchayat Secretary Grade-4 Vacancies under Panchayati Raj (PR) and Rural Development (RD) Department. Commission has received information on for filling posts; Notification will be announced in January 2013. APPSC only conduct written examination, Recruitment Process will be organized by District Officers-District Selection Committee. Once notification published we will update eligibility, age limit, examination date, online application details at our site.

Candidates Selection Process Conducted by District Selection Committee (DSC)
District Collector- Chairman
Chief Executive Officer Zilla Parishad-Member
Total Post:     2677
Qualification : Any Degree 
Application Online Start:July 9
Last Date:  July 31
Exams Date:   September15

www.apspsc.gov.in

AP SET 2013 Notification


OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD- 500 007
AP-SET-2013 NOTIFICATION
Applications are invited by the Osmania University from eligible candidates to appear for the Andhra Pradesh State Eligibility Test (APSET) -2013 to be conducted on 22.09.2013. For further details see the information provided in www.apset.org or  www.osmania.ac.in
Eligibility Criteria to appear for the Test:
The candidate must have a Master’s Degree from a UGC recognized university with minimum 55% marks for General/BC candidates and 50% marks for SC/ST/PH/VH. Candidates who are appearing in the final year of their Post-Graduate examination may also appear in this examination. For details of subjects, scheme of test and examination centers see the Information Brochure provided in www.apset.org, and www.osmania.ac.in
Important dates:
submission of on-line applications
:
05.07.2013 to 26.07.2013
With late fee of Rs.100
:
27.07.2013 to 31.07.2013
With late fee of Rs.200
:
01.08.2013 to 05.08.2013
Date of Examination
:
22.09.2013 (Sunday) from 9.30 AM to 4.00 PM
Last Date for Submission of printed Online Application
:
10-08-2013 upto 5.00 PM.
Registration Fee:

Category

Cost (Rupees)
OC
:
700/-
BC
:
500/-
SC/ST/PH/VH.
:
250/-
Registration fee has to be paid through Bank Challan by down loading from AP- SET website. For further details visit www.apset.org or www.osmania.ac.in
Notification: Click here for Notification :
Prof.B.Rajeswara Reddy
Member Secretary, AP- SET
Hyderabad-500 007
 

AP STATE EDUCATIONAL WEB SITES

SSC(10th class) Minimum Study Material in Telugu

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  SSC(10th class) Minimum Study Material in Telugu , Free Download 10th class Material in Telugu , Download10th class Minimum Study Material in Telugu.

economics bits 10 class telugu medium pdf

10th class ssc Telugu textbook,uickly search for ssc 10th class mathematics formulas for Telugu medium.economics bits 10 class Telugu medium pdf


economics bits 10 class telugu medium pdf
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A N Rai appointed director of NAAC


AN Rai has been appointed as the new director of National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) by the University Grants Commission (UGC). Prof AN Rai is currently serving as the Vice Chancellor of the North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong.
The term of the present director, HA Ranganath ended on 13 of June.
“I have received the official communication from the UGC about my appointment with the NAAC, but I have not yet received any reply from the President for my resignation and once it (resignation) is accepted I will take charge as the new NAAC director,” said Rai
Prior to joining NEHU in 2010, Prof was serving as the VC of Mizoram University; he did his MSc from BHU and PhD from the University of Dundee (UK).


AP DSC Notification 2013 Released District wise Vacancies Lists Download for Secondary Grade Teacher (SGT),Language Pandit (LP),School Assistant Non Languages(SA),School Assistant Languages (SA)and Physical Education Teacher(PET).


AP DSC 2013 District Wise Vacancies

AP DSC 2013 District Wise Vacancies. District Wise DSC 2013 SGT Vacancies. DSC 2013 School Assistant Vacancies. PET, LP Vacancies. Subject wise Vacancies
District wise DSC 2013 Vacancies are as follows
Srikakulam - 873, Vizianagaram - 384, Vizag - 1370, East Godavari - 962, West Godavari - 604, Krishna - 845, Guntur - 693, Prakasam - 632, Nellore - 347, Chittoor - 1863, Kadapa - 232, Anantapur - 1078, Kurnool - 587, Mahabubnagar - 1334, Rangareddy - 985, Hyderabad - 666, Medak - 936, Nizamabad - 1099, Adilabad - 1141, Karimnagar - 883, Warangal - 725, Khammam - 1116, and Nalgonda - 1153.
AP State Govt will be releasing AP DSC 2013 Notification in few days. About 20508 Teacher Posts will be recruited. APDSC 2013 District Wise Vacancies, subject wise vacancies will be notified in the notification. DSC 2013 Online Application Process will start from the 1st of August. Candidates need to apply online. The Last Date to apply online is 30th September 2013. DSC 2013 Exam will be conducted in 3 days from 9th October to 11th October 2013.
- See more at: http://www.apdsc2013.co.in/2013/03/ap-dsc-2013-district-wise-vacancies.html#sthash.g86fx1Te.dpuf
AP DSC 2013 District Wise Vacancies. District Wise DSC 2013 SGT Vacancies. DSC 2013 School Assistant Vacancies. PET, LP Vacancies. Subject wise Vacancies District wise DSC 2013 Vacancies are as follows Srikakulam - 873, Vizianagaram - 384, Vizag - 1370, East Godavari - 962, West Godavari - 604, Krishna - 845, Guntur - 693, Prakasam - 632, Nellore - 347, Chittoor - 1863, Kadapa - 232, Anantapur - 1078, Kurnool - 587, Mahabubnagar - 1334, Rangareddy - 985, Hyderabad - 666, Medak - 936, Nizamabad - 1099, Adilabad - 1141, Karimnagar - 883, Warangal - 725, Khammam - 1116, and Nalgonda - 1153. AP State Govt will be releasing AP DSC 2013 Notification in few days. About 20508 Teacher Posts will be recruited. APDSC 2013 District Wise Vacancies, subject wise vacancies will be notified in the notification. DSC 2013 Online Application Process will start from the 1st of August. Candidates need to apply online. The Last Date to apply online is 30th September 2013




AP DSC 2013 District Wise Vacancies

Problem Solving & Critical Thinking

Tags: soft skill topics  topics under soft skills  soft skills  ppt on topics  soft skill training topics  soft skill trainer  soft skill training games  training topics for students  soft skills training topics

Everyone experiences problems from time to time.  Some of our problems are big and complicated, while  others may be more easily solved.  There is no shortage of challenges and issues that can arise on the job.  Whether in an offce or on a construction site, experiencing difficulties with the tasks at hand or with co- workers, the workplace presents ongoing challenges on a daily basis. Whether these problems are large or  small, they need to be dealt with constructively and fairly.  Having the necessary skills to identify solutions to  problems is one of the skills that employers look for in employees.

Problem solving and critical thinking refers to the ability to use  knowledge, facts, and data to effectively solve problems.  This  doesn’t mean you need to have an immediate answer, it means  you have to be able to think on your feet, assess problems and  fnd solutions. The ability to develop a well thought out solution  within a reasonable time frame, however, is a skill that  employers value greatly.


Employers want employees who can work through problems on their own or as an effective member of a  team. Ideal employees can think critically and creatively, share thoughts and opinions, use good judgment,  and make decisions.  As a new employee, you may question why an organization follows certain steps to  complete a task.  It may seem to you that one of the steps could be eliminated saving time, effort, and  money.  But you may be hesitant to voice your opinion.  Don’t be; employers are usually appreciative when  new employees are able to offer insight and fresh perspective into better and more effcient ways of doing  things.  It is important to remember, however, that as someone new to the organization, you may not always  have the full picture, and thus there may be factors you are unaware of that dictate that things be done in a  particular way.  Another important thing to remember is that when you are tasked with solving a problem, you  don’t always need to answer immediately. 


The activities in this section focus on learning how to solve problems in a variety of ways in the workplace.  Participants will hear about how to properly tell the difference among criticism, praise, and feedback and  reacting appropriately.  The section will also review strategies for making ethical decisions, solving problems  on a team with others, and learning how to take into account others’ perceptions when assessing actions or  statements in the workplace.

A note to facilitators:  Building self-determination skills, such as goal setting, decision-making, self- advocacy, and problem solving should be included in career planning for all youth.  Youth with disabilities  and/or other (perceived) barriers to employment and/or disconnected youth will tend to have a resiliency  not always experienced by their same aged peers  – and not always easily seen or understood by themselves  or by adults. You are encouraged to use the activities in this section to help young people explore how the  obstacles they (or those they know) may face in life can pose an opportunity for developing and  demonstrating maturity, responsibility, and wisdom.  Providing young people with safe opportunities to  explore how their personal resiliency can be used to develop enhanced problem solving and confict  resolutions skills is a opportunity many adults may shy away from, but one that may ultimately be a gift.



Tags: soft skill topics  topics under soft skills  soft skills  ppt on topics  soft skill training topics  soft skill trainer  soft skill training games  training topics for students  soft skills training topics






Communication

Tags: Communication ,soft skill topics  topics under soft skills  soft skills  ppt on topics  soft skill training topics  soft skill trainer  soft skill training games  training topics for students  soft skills training topics

Communication skills are important to everyone - they are how we give and receive information and  convey our ideas and opinions with those around us.
 Communication comes in many forms:
  • verbal (sounds, language, and tone of voice) 
  • aural (listening and hearing)
  •  non-verbal (facial expressions, body language, and posture)
  •  written (journals, emails, blogs, and text messages)
  • visual (signs, symbols, and pictures)

It is important to develop a variety of skills for both communicating TO others and learning how to  interpret the information received FROM others.  Knowing our audience and understanding how they  need to receive information is equally important as knowing ourselves. 

To an employer, good communication skills are essential.  In fact, employers consistently rank good  communication skills at the top of the list for potential employees.

During an interview, for example, employers are impressed by a job candidate who answers questions  with more than one-word answers (such as yeah…nah…dunno), demonstrates that he or she is listening,  and shares information and ideas (by asking questions for clarification and/or follow-up).  The  interview can be an indication to employers of how the candidate or employee will interact with  supervisors, co-workers, and customers or resolve conficts when they arise.  Remember, non-verbal  communication is also critical in an interview.  Employers expect good eye contact, good posture, and  “active” listening.  

One of the challenges in the workplace is learning the specifc communication styles of others and how  and when to share your ideas or concerns. Though some supervisors may specifcally ask for your  opinion, others may assume if there is something important they need to know, you will bring it to  their attention – or if there is something you are unsure about, you will ask. Knowing how to listen  carefully and when to ask for help is important.  If an employee and a supervisor learn to communicate  well (in whatever method that works), there is a greater likelihood of job retention and promotion.


The activities in this section will not only help participants practice and recognize how they provide  information to others, but also help them consider how others may prefer to receive information. It is  important to reinforce with participants that communication skills involve give and take – and they  can, indeed, be learned and strengthened over time.  

Note to facilitators:  Communication skills are necessary for the development of self-advocacy and  self-determination, important skills for lifelong success.  To that end, the activities in this section  offer many opportunities for youth to practice communicating their strengths and assets while  learning how to minimize any perceived barriers to employment.  Please take the opportunity to add  to or tweak any of the activities to better focus on the needs of your particular group. 

For example, if working with youth with disabilities, create opportunities to practice communicating  how, when, and to whom to disclose a disability on the job or in post-secondary education and/or  different ways to communicate a request for a reasonable accommodation.  If you support youth  involved in the juvenile justice system, enhance this section’s extension activities to include  practicing how to communicate the proactive changes they are making in their lives, what they have  learned from previous experiences, and how any mistakes of the past have helped them to become  more focused and dedicated young adults.




Education in China

A good education has always been highly valued in China, as the people believe that education ensures not only the future and development of the individual but also the family and the country as a whole.

Passed down from ancient times, the maxim from the Three-Character Scripture that says 'if no proper education is given to children, their nature will go bad' has proved to be true. The great master Confucius taught us that 'it is a pleasure to learn something and to try it out at intervals'. Similarly, numerous students have been convinced that 'reading books excels all other careers'. The records tell us that Mencius' mother became an example to millions of mothers who were keen for their children to be talented. - she moved her home three times in order to choose a fine neighborhood in which Mencius could be effectively influenced.

As far back as the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC - 11th century BC), inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells were the simple records of teaching and learning. In the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC - 771 BC), nobles built schools to teach their children, as their offsprings would be the officials of the future, while those who were gifted but of poor families could but dream of approaching state affairs. The development of education system led to a form of evaluation that became the means by which dynastic China appointed those with talents as officials. In general, this process can be divided into three periods - 'chaju' and 'zhengpi' in the Han Dynasty, the 'jiupin zhongzheng' system from Han to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Imperial Examination which survived from the Sui Dynasty (589 - 618) right through to the last feudal dynasty Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911).

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