Applications are invited for the following posts:
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Fee: Rs. 100/- For local tribes in respect of candidates applying for the posts of TGT & PET cadres in the Scheduled Area Institutions. For other cadre posts, the fee of Rs.250/-(two hundred and fifty only) applies in Scheduled Areas also and Rs.250/- in respect of candidates applying for the posts in respect of JL, PGT, PD (School), TGT & PET cadres throughout the State.
For more details Click hereHow to Apply: Candidates should apply online only. Last Date: 15/07/2013 Tags: AP Tribal Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society: Teaching Posts, Teacher Jobs, Junior Lecturer Post, Tribal Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society. |
AP Tribal Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society: Teaching Posts
APSET 2013 Notification June 1
Member-secretary of the Andhra Pradesh State Eligibility Test (APSET) 2013 Prof Rajeshwar Reddy has said they would issue APSET notification on July 1 and candidates can apply online from July 5. The examination will be conducted on September 22. Following the successful conduct of APSET last year, after a gap of 14 years, the Osmania University was given another chance to conduct this year’s APSET.
Prof Reddy was member-secretary of the APSET conducted on July 27, 2012.This year, the examination will be conducted in 27 subjects as against the previous year’s 24. The UGC had permitted the test in five new subjects - Communication & Journalism, Library Science, Sanskrit, Social Work and Geography - but excluded Anthropology and Linguistics
Tags:APSET 2013 Notification June 1.APSET 2013, APSET Exams,
DSC Notification 2013 for 20000 Teacher Jobs in AP
DSC Notification 2013 for 20000 Teacher vacancies in AP State.
TERT/TRT/TEST & DSC exam 2013 notification updates & news.
DSC official notification 2013 for Recruitment of 20000 Teachers to work in the Primary & Secondary government schools in Andhra Pradesh will issue in the last week of June 2013.
On 23 rd June 2013, Andhra Pradesh CM Mr. Kiran Kumar Reddy announced the Notification for Teachers recruitment through DSC 2013 Exam.
From the past couple of months, government of AP confusing to aspirants with different renames like TERT and TRT. What ever it may be, the final DSC Notification 2013 for 20k vacancies will release before this month.
AP CM also said that over 60000 Jobs notifications in AP under APPSC & other departments will release as soon as possible.And also proudly said that in the last year 123000 Jobs given to un employees.
The latest update on hot news on DSC 2013 is the official DSC/TEST/TRT/TERT 2013 Notification will be issue within June month. So be ready to face the exam with new syllabus. (Click here for DSC 2013 New syllabus).If this notification issued in this month, eligible aspirants must fill the online application form at DSC website.
We will update district wise DSC 2013 notification along with New syllabus in Hindi & English, Exam patter, TEST/TRT/TERT Syllabus, Model question papers, exam date, hall ticket download and online application form after releasing the notification.
DSC official notification 2013 for Recruitment of 20000 Teachers to work in the Primary & Secondary government schools in Andhra Pradesh will issue in the last week of June 2013.
On 23 rd June 2013, Andhra Pradesh CM Mr. Kiran Kumar Reddy announced the Notification for Teachers recruitment through DSC 2013 Exam.
From the past couple of months, government of AP confusing to aspirants with different renames like TERT and TRT. What ever it may be, the final DSC Notification 2013 for 20k vacancies will release before this month.
AP CM also said that over 60000 Jobs notifications in AP under APPSC & other departments will release as soon as possible.And also proudly said that in the last year 123000 Jobs given to un employees.
The latest update on hot news on DSC 2013 is the official DSC/TEST/TRT/TERT 2013 Notification will be issue within June month. So be ready to face the exam with new syllabus. (Click here for DSC 2013 New syllabus).If this notification issued in this month, eligible aspirants must fill the online application form at DSC website.
We will update district wise DSC 2013 notification along with New syllabus in Hindi & English, Exam patter, TEST/TRT/TERT Syllabus, Model question papers, exam date, hall ticket download and online application form after releasing the notification.
AP DIET CET 2013 Online Web Counselling-dietcet.cgg.gov.in Dates Schedule 2013
AP DIET CET 2013 Online Web Counselling-dietcet.cgg.gov.in Dates Schedule 2013
AP DIETCET 2013 was conducted by state primary Education ministry and DIETCET 2013 results were declared on 18 June 2013. DIETCET is District Institutes of Educational and Training/Elementary Teacher Training Institutes Common Entrance Test, Now candidates are searching on google.com for DIET CET Web Counselling Dates, Schedule are expecting first week of July 2013.Counselling conducts for DIET CET (Or) TTC 2013-14 Academic Year, DIET CET OMR sheet can get from 21st June to students. DIETCET Counseling 2nd Phase, Mock Counselling, Online Colleges List, Seat allotment details will be available at main site dietcet.cgg.gov.in.
In DIETCET 2013 results 54% students had qualified, 460856 students were written exam and 271533 students got qualified marks. Final dates of DIETCET counseling procedures will be announced on 16 November 2013, as per information of DIETCET 2013 web conselling will start from 26th 28th November 2013 as per last year, total 35000 seats available in all D.Ed colleges in AP, 2 pahse counselling will take process to fill total 35000 seats before 1st August 2013 as per SC orders.
Download AP DIET CET Web Counselling Dates Schedule 2013: Click here
In DIETCET 2013 results 54% students had qualified, 460856 students were written exam and 271533 students got qualified marks. Final dates of DIETCET counseling procedures will be announced on 16 November 2013, as per information of DIETCET 2013 web conselling will start from 26th 28th November 2013 as per last year, total 35000 seats available in all D.Ed colleges in AP, 2 pahse counselling will take process to fill total 35000 seats before 1st August 2013 as per SC orders.
Download AP DIET CET Web Counselling Dates Schedule 2013: Click here
Ancient History
Ancient History
India's history and culture is dynamic, spanning back to the beginning of human civilization. It begins with a mysterious culture along the Indus River and in farming communities in the southern lands of India. The history of India is punctuated by constant integration of migrating people with the diverse cultures that surround India. Available evidence suggests that the use of iron, copper and other metals was widely prevalent in the Indian sub-continent at a fairly early period, which is indicative of the progress that this part of the world had made. By the end of the fourth millennium BC, India had emerged as a region of highly developed civilization.The Indus Valley Civilization
The History of India begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization, more precisely known as Harappan Civilization. It flourished around 2,500 BC, in the western part of South Asia, what today is Pakistan and Western India. The Indus Valley was home to the largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Nothing was known about this civilization till 1920s when the Archaeological Department of India carried out excavations in the Indus valley wherein the ruins of the two old cities, viz. Mohenjodaro and Harappa were unearthed. The ruins of buildings and other things like household articles, weapons of war, gold and silver ornaments, seals, toys, pottery wares, etc., show that some four to five thousand years ago a highly developed Civilization flourished in this region.The Indus valley civilization was basically an urban civilization and the people lived in well-planned and well-built towns, which were also the centers for trade. The ruins of Mohenjodaro and Harappa show that these were magnificent merchant cities-well planned, scientifically laid, and well looked after. They had wide roads and a well-developed drainage system. The houses were made of baked bricks and had two or more storeys.
The highly civilized Harappans knew the art of growing cereals, and wheat and barley constituted their staple food. They consumed vegetables and fruits and ate mutton, pork and eggs as well. Evidences also show that they wore cotton as well as woollen garments. By 1500 BC, the Harappan culture came to an end. Among various causes ascribed to the decay of Indus Valley Civilization are the invasion by the Aryans, the recurrent floods and other natural causes like earthquake, etc.
Ancient history of India
Tags: ancient history of india ancient history of india pdf ancient history of india in hindi ancient history of india in hindi language ancient history of india quiz medieval history of india modern history of india ancient history of india books ancient history of india ppt
India is a country in South Asia whose name comes from the Indus River. The name `Bharata’ is used as a designation for the country in their constitution referencing the ancient mythological emperor, Bharata, whose story is told, in part, in the Indian epic Mahabharata. According to the writings known as the Puranas (religious/historical texts written down in the 5th century CE) Bharata conquered the whole sub-continent of India and ruled the land in peace and harmony. The land was, therefore, known as Bharatavarsha (`the sub-continent of Bharata’). Homonid activity in the Indian sub-continent stretches back over 250,000 years and it is, therefore, one of the oldest inhabited regions on the planet.
Archaeological excavations have discovered artifacts used by early humans, including stone tools, which suggest an extremely early date for human habitation and technology in the area. While the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt have long been recognized for their celebrated contributions to civilization, India has often been overlooked, especially in the West, though her history and culture is just as rich.
The areas of present-day India, Pakistan, and Nepal have provided archaeologists and scholars with the richest sites of the most ancient pedigree. The species Homo heidelbergensis (a proto human who was an ancestor of modern Homo sapiens) inhabited the sub-continent of India centuries before humans migrated into the region known as Europe. Evidence of the existence of Homo heidelbergensis was first discovered in Germany in 1907 and, since, further discoveries have established fairly clear migration patterns of this species out of Africa. Recognition of the antiquity of their presence in India has been largely due to the fairly late archaeological interest in the area as, unlike work in Mesopotamia and Egypt, Western excavations in India did not begin in earnest until the 1920’s CE. Though the ancient city of Harappa was known to exist as early as 1842 CE, its archaeological significance was ignored and the later excavations corresponded to an interest in locating the probable sites referred to in the great Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana (both of the 5th or 4th centuries BCE) while ignoring the possibility of a much more ancient past for the region. The village of Balathal (near Udaipur in Rajasthan), to cite only one example, illustrates the antiquity of India’s history as it dates to 4000 BCE. Balathal was not discovered until 1962 CE and excavations were not begun there until the 1990’s CE.
Archaeological excavations in the past fifty years have dramatically changed the understanding of India’s past and, by extension, world history. A 4000 year-old skeleton discovered at Balathal in 2009 CE provides the oldest evidence of leprosy in India. Prior to this find, leprosy was considered a much younger disease thought to have been carried from Africa to India at some point and then from India to Europe by the army of Alexander the Great following his death in 323 BCE. It is now understood that significant human activity was underway in India by the Holocene Period (10,000 years ago) and that many historical assumptions based upon earlier work in Egypt and Mesopotamia, need to be reviewed and revised. The beginnings of the Vedic tradition in India, still practiced today, can now be dated, at least in part, to the indigenous people of ancient sites such as Balathal rather than, as often claimed, wholly to the Aryan invasion of c. 1500 BCE.
The Indus Valley Civilization dates to 5000 BCE and grew steadily throughout the lower Ganetic Valley region southwards and northwards to Malwa. The cities of this period were larger than contemporary settlements in other countries, were situated according to cardinal points, and were built of mud bricks, often kiln-fired. Houses were constructed with a large courtyard opening from the front door, a kitchen/work room for the preparation of food, and smaller bedrooms. Family activities seem to have centred on the front of the house, particularly the courtyard and, in this, are similar to what has been inferred from sites in Rome, Egypt, Greece, and Mesopotamia.
The most famous sites of this period are the great cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa both located in present-day Pakistan (Mohenjo-Daro in the Sindh province and Harappa in Punjab) which was part of India until the 1947 CE partition of the country which created the separate nation. Harappa has given its name to the Harappan Civilization (another name for the Indus Valley Civilization) which is usually divided into Early, Middle, and Mature periods corresponding roughly to 5000-4000 BCE (Early), 4000-2900 BCE (Middle), and 2900-1900 BCE (Mature). Harappa dates from the Middle period (c. 3000 BCE) while Mohenjo-Daro was built in the Mature period (c. 2600 BCE). Harappa was largely destroyed in the 19th century when British workers carried away much of the city for use as ballast in constructing the railroad and many buildings had already been dismantled by citizens of the local village of Harappa (which gives the site its name) for use in their own projects. It is therefore now difficult to determine the historical significance of Harappa save that it is clear it was once a significant Bronze Age community with a population of as many as 30,000 people. Mohenjo-Daro, on the other hand, is much better preserved as it lay mostly buried until 1922 CE. The name `Mohenjo-Daro’ means `mound of the dead’ in Sindhi. The original name of the city is unknown although various possibilities have been suggested by finds in the region, among them, the Dravidian name `Kukkutarma’, the city of the cock, a possible allusion to the site as a center of ritual cock-fighting or, perhaps, as a breeding centre for cocks.
Mohenjo-Daro was an elaborately constructed city with streets laid out evenly at right angles and a sophisticated drainage system. The Great Bath, a central structure at the site, was heated and seems to have been a focal point for the community. The citizens were skilled in the use of metals such as copper, bronze, lead and tin (as evidenced by art works such as the bronze statue of the Dancing Girl and by individual seals) and cultivated barley, wheat, peas, sesame, and cotton. Trade was an important source of commerce and it is thought that ancient Mesopotamian texts which mention Magan and Meluhha refer to India generally or, perhaps, Mohenjo-Daro specifically. Artifacts from the Indus Valley region have been found at sites in Mesopotamia though their precise point of origin in India is not always clear.
The people of the Harappan Civilization worshipped many gods and engaged in ritual worship. Statues of various deities (such as, Indra, the god of storm and war) have been found at many sites and, chief among them, terracotta pieces depicting the Shakti (the Mother Goddess) suggesting a popular, common worship of the feminine principle. In about 1500 BCE it is thought another race, known as the Aryans, migrated into India through the Khyber Pass and assimilated into the existing culture, perhaps bringing their gods with them. While it is widely accepted that the Aryans brought the horse to India, there is some debate as to whether they introduced new deities to the region or simply influenced the existing belief structure. The Aryans are thought to have been pantheists (nature worshippers) with a special devotion to the sun and it seems uncertain they would have had anthropomorphic gods.
At about this same time (c. 1700-1500 BCE) the Harappan culture began to decline. Scholars cite climate change as one possible reason. The Indus River is thought to have begun flooding the region more regularly (as evidenced by approximately 30 feet or 9 metres of silt at Mohenjo-Daro) and the great cities were abandoned. Other scholars cite the Aryan migration as more of an invasion of the land which brought about a vast displacement of the populace. Among the most mysterious aspects of Mohenjo-Daro is the vitrification of parts of the site as though it had been exposed to intense heat which melted the brick and stone. This same phenomenon has been observed at sites such as Traprain Law in Scotland and attributed to the results of warfare. Speculation regarding the destruction of the city by some kind of ancient atomic blast (possibly the work of aliens from other planets) is not generally regarded as credible.
The Aryan influence gave rise to what is known as the Vedic Period in India (c. 1700- 150 BCE) characterized by a pastoral lifestyle and adherence to the religious texts known as The Vedas. Society became divided into four classes (the Varnas) popularly known as `the caste system’ which were comprised of the Brahmana at the top (priests and scholars), the Kshatriya next (the warriors), the Vaishya (farmers and merchants), and the Shudra (labourers). The lowest caste was the Dalits, the untouchables, who handled meat and waste, though there is some debate over whether this class existed in antiquity. At first, it seems this caste system was merely a reflection of one’s occupation but, in time, it became more rigidly interpreted to be determined by one’s birth and one was not allowed to change castes nor to marry into a caste other than one’s own. This understanding was a reflection of the belief in an eternal order to human life dictated by a supreme deity.
While the religious beliefs which characterized the Vedic Period are considered much older, it was during this time that they became systematized as the religion of Sanatan Dharma (which means `Eternal Order’) known today as Hinduism (this name deriving from the Indus (or Sindus) River where worshippers were known to gather, hence, `Sindus’, and then `Hindus’). The underlying tenet of Sanatan Dharma is that there is an order and a purpose to the universe and human life and, by accepting this order and living in accordance with it, one will experience life as it is meant to be properly lived. While Sanatan Dharma is considered by many a polytheistic religion consisting of many gods, it is actually monotheistic in that it holds there is one god, Brahma (the Self), who, because of his greatness, cannot be fully apprehended save through the many aspects which are revealed as the different gods of the Hindu pantheon. It is Brahma who decrees the eternal order and maintains the universe through it. This belief in an order to the universe reflects the stability of the society in which it grew and flourished as, during the Vedic Period, governments became centralized and social customs integrated fully into daily life across the region. Besides The Vedas, the great religious and literary works of The Upanishads, The Puranas, The Mahabharata, and The Ramayana all come from this period.
In the 6th century BCE, the religious reformers Vardhaman Mahavira (549-477 BCE) and Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE) broke away from mainstream Sanatan Dharma to eventually create their own religions of Jainism and Buddhism. These changes in religion were a part of a wider pattern of social and cultural upheaval which resulted in the formation of city states and the rise of powerful kingdoms (such as the Kingdom of Magadha under the ruler Bimbisara). Increased urbanization and wealth attracted the attention of Cyrus, ruler of the Persian Empire, who invaded India in 530 BCE and initiated a campaign of conquest in the region. Ten years later, under the reign of his son, Darius I, northern India was firmly under Persian control (the regions corresponding to Afghanistan and Pakistan today) and the inhabitants of that area subject to Persian laws and customs. One consequence of this, possibly, was an assimilation of Persian and Indian religious beliefs which some scholars point to as an explanation for further religious and cultural reforms.
Persia held dominance in northern India until the conquest of Alexander the Great in 327 BCE. One year later, Alexander had defeated the Achaemenid Empire and firmly conquered the Indian subcontinent. Again, foreign influences were brought to bear on the region giving rise to the Greco-Buddhist culture which impacted all areas of culture in northern India from art to religion to dress. Statues and reliefs from this period depict Buddha, and other figures, as distinctly Hellenic in dress and pose (known as the Gandhara School of Art). Following Alexander’s departure from India, the Maurya Empire (322-185 BCE) rose under the reign of Chandragupta Maurya (322-298) until, by the end of the third century BCE, it ruled over almost all of northern India.
Chandragupta’s son, Bindusara reigned between 298-272 BCE and extended the empire throughout the whole of India. His son was Ashoka the Great (lived 304-232, reigned 269-232 BCE) under whose rule the empire flourished at its height. Eight years into his reign, Ashoka conquered the eastern city-state of Kalinga which resulted in a death toll numbering over 100,000. Shocked at the destruction and death, Ashoka embraced the teachings of the Buddha and embarked on a systematic programme advocating Buddhist thought and principles. He established many monasteries and gave lavishly to Buddhist communities. His ardent support of Buddhist values eventually caused a strain on the government both financially and politically as even his grandson, Sampadi, heir to the throne, opposed his policies. By the end of Ashoka’s reign the government treasury was severely depleted through his regular religious donations and, after his death, the empire declined rapidly.
The country splintered into many small kingdoms and empires (such as the Kushan Empire) in what has come to be called the Middle Period. This era saw the increase of trade with Rome (which had begun c. 130 BCE) following Augustus Caesar’s conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE (Egypt had been India’s most constant partner in trade in the past). This was a time of individual and cultural development in the various kingdoms which finally flourished in what is considered the Golden Age of India under the reign of the Gupta Empire (320-550 CE).
The Gupta Empire is thought to have been founded by one Sri Gupta (`Sri’ means `Lord’) who probably ruled between 240-280 CE. As Sri Gupta is thought to have been of the Vaishya (merchant) class, his rise to power in defiance of the caste system is unprecedented. He laid the foundation for the government which would so stabilize India that virtually every aspect of culture reached its height under the reign of the Guptas. Philosophy, literature, science, mathematics, architecture, astronomy, technology, art, engineering, religion, and astronomy, among other fields, all flourished during this period, resulting in some of the greatest of human achievements. The Puranas of Vyasa were compiled during this period and the famous caves of Ajanta and Ellora, with their elaborate carvings and vaulted rooms, were also begun. Kalidasa the poet and playwright wrote his masterpiece Shakuntala and the Kamasutra was also written, or compiled from earlier works, by Vatsyayana. Varahamihira explored astronomy at the same time as Aryabhatta, the mathematician, made his own discoveries in the field and also recognized the importance of the concept of zero, which he is credited with inventing. As the founder of the Gupta Empire defied orthodox Hindu thought, it is not surprising that the Gupta rulers advocated and propagated Buddhism as the national belief and this is the reason for the plentitude of Buddhist works of art, as opposed to Hindu, at sites such as Ajanta and Ellora.
The empire declined slowly under a succession of weak rulers until it collapsed around 550 CE. The Gupta Empire was then replaced by the rule of Harshavardhan (590-647) who ruled the region for 42 years. A literary man of considerable accomplishments (he authored three plays in addition to other works) Harshavardhan was a patron of the arts and a devout Buddhist who forbade the killing of animals in his kingdom but recognized the necessity to sometimes kill humans in battle. He was a highly skilled military tactician who was only defeated in the field once in his life. Under his reign, the north of India flourished but his kingdom collapsed following his death. The invasion of the Huns had been repeatedly repelled by the Guptas and then by Harshavardhan but, with the fall of his kingdom, India fell into chaos and fragmented into small kingdoms lacking the unity necessary to fight off invading forces.
In 712 CE the Muslim general Muhammed bin Quasim conquered northern India, establishing himself in the region of modern-day Pakistan. The Muslim invasion saw an end to the indigenous empires of India and, from then on, independent city states or communities under the control of a city would be the standard model of government. The Islamic Sultanates rose in the region of modern-day Pakistan and spread north-west. The disparate world views of the religions which now contested each other for acceptance in the region and the diversity of languages spoken, made the unity and cultural advances, such as were seen in the time of the Guptas, difficult to reproduce. Consequently, the region was easily conquered by the Islamic Mughal Empire. India would then remain subject to various foreign influences and powers
India is a country in South Asia whose name comes from the Indus River. The name `Bharata’ is used as a designation for the country in their constitution referencing the ancient mythological emperor, Bharata, whose story is told, in part, in the Indian epic Mahabharata. According to the writings known as the Puranas (religious/historical texts written down in the 5th century CE) Bharata conquered the whole sub-continent of India and ruled the land in peace and harmony. The land was, therefore, known as Bharatavarsha (`the sub-continent of Bharata’). Homonid activity in the Indian sub-continent stretches back over 250,000 years and it is, therefore, one of the oldest inhabited regions on the planet.
Archaeological excavations have discovered artifacts used by early humans, including stone tools, which suggest an extremely early date for human habitation and technology in the area. While the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt have long been recognized for their celebrated contributions to civilization, India has often been overlooked, especially in the West, though her history and culture is just as rich.
The areas of present-day India, Pakistan, and Nepal have provided archaeologists and scholars with the richest sites of the most ancient pedigree. The species Homo heidelbergensis (a proto human who was an ancestor of modern Homo sapiens) inhabited the sub-continent of India centuries before humans migrated into the region known as Europe. Evidence of the existence of Homo heidelbergensis was first discovered in Germany in 1907 and, since, further discoveries have established fairly clear migration patterns of this species out of Africa. Recognition of the antiquity of their presence in India has been largely due to the fairly late archaeological interest in the area as, unlike work in Mesopotamia and Egypt, Western excavations in India did not begin in earnest until the 1920’s CE. Though the ancient city of Harappa was known to exist as early as 1842 CE, its archaeological significance was ignored and the later excavations corresponded to an interest in locating the probable sites referred to in the great Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana (both of the 5th or 4th centuries BCE) while ignoring the possibility of a much more ancient past for the region. The village of Balathal (near Udaipur in Rajasthan), to cite only one example, illustrates the antiquity of India’s history as it dates to 4000 BCE. Balathal was not discovered until 1962 CE and excavations were not begun there until the 1990’s CE.
Archaeological excavations in the past fifty years have dramatically changed the understanding of India’s past and, by extension, world history. A 4000 year-old skeleton discovered at Balathal in 2009 CE provides the oldest evidence of leprosy in India. Prior to this find, leprosy was considered a much younger disease thought to have been carried from Africa to India at some point and then from India to Europe by the army of Alexander the Great following his death in 323 BCE. It is now understood that significant human activity was underway in India by the Holocene Period (10,000 years ago) and that many historical assumptions based upon earlier work in Egypt and Mesopotamia, need to be reviewed and revised. The beginnings of the Vedic tradition in India, still practiced today, can now be dated, at least in part, to the indigenous people of ancient sites such as Balathal rather than, as often claimed, wholly to the Aryan invasion of c. 1500 BCE.
The Indus Valley Civilization dates to 5000 BCE and grew steadily throughout the lower Ganetic Valley region southwards and northwards to Malwa. The cities of this period were larger than contemporary settlements in other countries, were situated according to cardinal points, and were built of mud bricks, often kiln-fired. Houses were constructed with a large courtyard opening from the front door, a kitchen/work room for the preparation of food, and smaller bedrooms. Family activities seem to have centred on the front of the house, particularly the courtyard and, in this, are similar to what has been inferred from sites in Rome, Egypt, Greece, and Mesopotamia.
The most famous sites of this period are the great cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa both located in present-day Pakistan (Mohenjo-Daro in the Sindh province and Harappa in Punjab) which was part of India until the 1947 CE partition of the country which created the separate nation. Harappa has given its name to the Harappan Civilization (another name for the Indus Valley Civilization) which is usually divided into Early, Middle, and Mature periods corresponding roughly to 5000-4000 BCE (Early), 4000-2900 BCE (Middle), and 2900-1900 BCE (Mature). Harappa dates from the Middle period (c. 3000 BCE) while Mohenjo-Daro was built in the Mature period (c. 2600 BCE). Harappa was largely destroyed in the 19th century when British workers carried away much of the city for use as ballast in constructing the railroad and many buildings had already been dismantled by citizens of the local village of Harappa (which gives the site its name) for use in their own projects. It is therefore now difficult to determine the historical significance of Harappa save that it is clear it was once a significant Bronze Age community with a population of as many as 30,000 people. Mohenjo-Daro, on the other hand, is much better preserved as it lay mostly buried until 1922 CE. The name `Mohenjo-Daro’ means `mound of the dead’ in Sindhi. The original name of the city is unknown although various possibilities have been suggested by finds in the region, among them, the Dravidian name `Kukkutarma’, the city of the cock, a possible allusion to the site as a center of ritual cock-fighting or, perhaps, as a breeding centre for cocks.
Mohenjo-Daro was an elaborately constructed city with streets laid out evenly at right angles and a sophisticated drainage system. The Great Bath, a central structure at the site, was heated and seems to have been a focal point for the community. The citizens were skilled in the use of metals such as copper, bronze, lead and tin (as evidenced by art works such as the bronze statue of the Dancing Girl and by individual seals) and cultivated barley, wheat, peas, sesame, and cotton. Trade was an important source of commerce and it is thought that ancient Mesopotamian texts which mention Magan and Meluhha refer to India generally or, perhaps, Mohenjo-Daro specifically. Artifacts from the Indus Valley region have been found at sites in Mesopotamia though their precise point of origin in India is not always clear.
The people of the Harappan Civilization worshipped many gods and engaged in ritual worship. Statues of various deities (such as, Indra, the god of storm and war) have been found at many sites and, chief among them, terracotta pieces depicting the Shakti (the Mother Goddess) suggesting a popular, common worship of the feminine principle. In about 1500 BCE it is thought another race, known as the Aryans, migrated into India through the Khyber Pass and assimilated into the existing culture, perhaps bringing their gods with them. While it is widely accepted that the Aryans brought the horse to India, there is some debate as to whether they introduced new deities to the region or simply influenced the existing belief structure. The Aryans are thought to have been pantheists (nature worshippers) with a special devotion to the sun and it seems uncertain they would have had anthropomorphic gods.
At about this same time (c. 1700-1500 BCE) the Harappan culture began to decline. Scholars cite climate change as one possible reason. The Indus River is thought to have begun flooding the region more regularly (as evidenced by approximately 30 feet or 9 metres of silt at Mohenjo-Daro) and the great cities were abandoned. Other scholars cite the Aryan migration as more of an invasion of the land which brought about a vast displacement of the populace. Among the most mysterious aspects of Mohenjo-Daro is the vitrification of parts of the site as though it had been exposed to intense heat which melted the brick and stone. This same phenomenon has been observed at sites such as Traprain Law in Scotland and attributed to the results of warfare. Speculation regarding the destruction of the city by some kind of ancient atomic blast (possibly the work of aliens from other planets) is not generally regarded as credible.
The Aryan influence gave rise to what is known as the Vedic Period in India (c. 1700- 150 BCE) characterized by a pastoral lifestyle and adherence to the religious texts known as The Vedas. Society became divided into four classes (the Varnas) popularly known as `the caste system’ which were comprised of the Brahmana at the top (priests and scholars), the Kshatriya next (the warriors), the Vaishya (farmers and merchants), and the Shudra (labourers). The lowest caste was the Dalits, the untouchables, who handled meat and waste, though there is some debate over whether this class existed in antiquity. At first, it seems this caste system was merely a reflection of one’s occupation but, in time, it became more rigidly interpreted to be determined by one’s birth and one was not allowed to change castes nor to marry into a caste other than one’s own. This understanding was a reflection of the belief in an eternal order to human life dictated by a supreme deity.
While the religious beliefs which characterized the Vedic Period are considered much older, it was during this time that they became systematized as the religion of Sanatan Dharma (which means `Eternal Order’) known today as Hinduism (this name deriving from the Indus (or Sindus) River where worshippers were known to gather, hence, `Sindus’, and then `Hindus’). The underlying tenet of Sanatan Dharma is that there is an order and a purpose to the universe and human life and, by accepting this order and living in accordance with it, one will experience life as it is meant to be properly lived. While Sanatan Dharma is considered by many a polytheistic religion consisting of many gods, it is actually monotheistic in that it holds there is one god, Brahma (the Self), who, because of his greatness, cannot be fully apprehended save through the many aspects which are revealed as the different gods of the Hindu pantheon. It is Brahma who decrees the eternal order and maintains the universe through it. This belief in an order to the universe reflects the stability of the society in which it grew and flourished as, during the Vedic Period, governments became centralized and social customs integrated fully into daily life across the region. Besides The Vedas, the great religious and literary works of The Upanishads, The Puranas, The Mahabharata, and The Ramayana all come from this period.
In the 6th century BCE, the religious reformers Vardhaman Mahavira (549-477 BCE) and Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE) broke away from mainstream Sanatan Dharma to eventually create their own religions of Jainism and Buddhism. These changes in religion were a part of a wider pattern of social and cultural upheaval which resulted in the formation of city states and the rise of powerful kingdoms (such as the Kingdom of Magadha under the ruler Bimbisara). Increased urbanization and wealth attracted the attention of Cyrus, ruler of the Persian Empire, who invaded India in 530 BCE and initiated a campaign of conquest in the region. Ten years later, under the reign of his son, Darius I, northern India was firmly under Persian control (the regions corresponding to Afghanistan and Pakistan today) and the inhabitants of that area subject to Persian laws and customs. One consequence of this, possibly, was an assimilation of Persian and Indian religious beliefs which some scholars point to as an explanation for further religious and cultural reforms.
Persia held dominance in northern India until the conquest of Alexander the Great in 327 BCE. One year later, Alexander had defeated the Achaemenid Empire and firmly conquered the Indian subcontinent. Again, foreign influences were brought to bear on the region giving rise to the Greco-Buddhist culture which impacted all areas of culture in northern India from art to religion to dress. Statues and reliefs from this period depict Buddha, and other figures, as distinctly Hellenic in dress and pose (known as the Gandhara School of Art). Following Alexander’s departure from India, the Maurya Empire (322-185 BCE) rose under the reign of Chandragupta Maurya (322-298) until, by the end of the third century BCE, it ruled over almost all of northern India.
Chandragupta’s son, Bindusara reigned between 298-272 BCE and extended the empire throughout the whole of India. His son was Ashoka the Great (lived 304-232, reigned 269-232 BCE) under whose rule the empire flourished at its height. Eight years into his reign, Ashoka conquered the eastern city-state of Kalinga which resulted in a death toll numbering over 100,000. Shocked at the destruction and death, Ashoka embraced the teachings of the Buddha and embarked on a systematic programme advocating Buddhist thought and principles. He established many monasteries and gave lavishly to Buddhist communities. His ardent support of Buddhist values eventually caused a strain on the government both financially and politically as even his grandson, Sampadi, heir to the throne, opposed his policies. By the end of Ashoka’s reign the government treasury was severely depleted through his regular religious donations and, after his death, the empire declined rapidly.
The country splintered into many small kingdoms and empires (such as the Kushan Empire) in what has come to be called the Middle Period. This era saw the increase of trade with Rome (which had begun c. 130 BCE) following Augustus Caesar’s conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE (Egypt had been India’s most constant partner in trade in the past). This was a time of individual and cultural development in the various kingdoms which finally flourished in what is considered the Golden Age of India under the reign of the Gupta Empire (320-550 CE).
The Gupta Empire is thought to have been founded by one Sri Gupta (`Sri’ means `Lord’) who probably ruled between 240-280 CE. As Sri Gupta is thought to have been of the Vaishya (merchant) class, his rise to power in defiance of the caste system is unprecedented. He laid the foundation for the government which would so stabilize India that virtually every aspect of culture reached its height under the reign of the Guptas. Philosophy, literature, science, mathematics, architecture, astronomy, technology, art, engineering, religion, and astronomy, among other fields, all flourished during this period, resulting in some of the greatest of human achievements. The Puranas of Vyasa were compiled during this period and the famous caves of Ajanta and Ellora, with their elaborate carvings and vaulted rooms, were also begun. Kalidasa the poet and playwright wrote his masterpiece Shakuntala and the Kamasutra was also written, or compiled from earlier works, by Vatsyayana. Varahamihira explored astronomy at the same time as Aryabhatta, the mathematician, made his own discoveries in the field and also recognized the importance of the concept of zero, which he is credited with inventing. As the founder of the Gupta Empire defied orthodox Hindu thought, it is not surprising that the Gupta rulers advocated and propagated Buddhism as the national belief and this is the reason for the plentitude of Buddhist works of art, as opposed to Hindu, at sites such as Ajanta and Ellora.
The empire declined slowly under a succession of weak rulers until it collapsed around 550 CE. The Gupta Empire was then replaced by the rule of Harshavardhan (590-647) who ruled the region for 42 years. A literary man of considerable accomplishments (he authored three plays in addition to other works) Harshavardhan was a patron of the arts and a devout Buddhist who forbade the killing of animals in his kingdom but recognized the necessity to sometimes kill humans in battle. He was a highly skilled military tactician who was only defeated in the field once in his life. Under his reign, the north of India flourished but his kingdom collapsed following his death. The invasion of the Huns had been repeatedly repelled by the Guptas and then by Harshavardhan but, with the fall of his kingdom, India fell into chaos and fragmented into small kingdoms lacking the unity necessary to fight off invading forces.
In 712 CE the Muslim general Muhammed bin Quasim conquered northern India, establishing himself in the region of modern-day Pakistan. The Muslim invasion saw an end to the indigenous empires of India and, from then on, independent city states or communities under the control of a city would be the standard model of government. The Islamic Sultanates rose in the region of modern-day Pakistan and spread north-west. The disparate world views of the religions which now contested each other for acceptance in the region and the diversity of languages spoken, made the unity and cultural advances, such as were seen in the time of the Guptas, difficult to reproduce. Consequently, the region was easily conquered by the Islamic Mughal Empire. India would then remain subject to various foreign influences and powers
DIET CET Counselling 2013 - Date, Schedule, Notification
To
check the list of Colleges University area wise visit the official website at
dietcet.cgg.gov.in
Documents
required for DIET:
- Birth certificate
- Qualification certificates
- Transfer certificates
- Income certificates
- Caste certificates
- Residential certificates
RESULTS OF DIET CET 2013
:-
The much awaited results of DIET CET 2013 are likely to be announce on
18-06-2013.In order to check your results you will have to submit your
registration no. and roll no. on the official website of DIET CET @ www.dietcet.cgg.gov.in
COUNSELLING EVENTS OF DIET CET 2013 :-
For the successful candidates, DIET CET published the call letters on their official website www.dietcet.cgg.gov.in or they will issue a score-card along with a call letter in which they will mentioned the details of the counselling venue.The DIET CET Counselling
are likely to be started on the last week of JUNE as the last date for
counselling would be 24-07-2013.It is suggested to the candidates to
bring their all necessary documents along with your pass-port size
photograph at the venue of counselling on given time.
DIETCET Results 2013
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soon – dietcet.cgg.gov.in : District Institutes of Education and
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AP TTC Results declared on 16th June, 2013 i.e Today on AP DIETCET 2013 official website www.dietcet.cgg.gov.in.
Andhra Pradesh and Kerala State combinely conducted the Teacher Training Certificate (TTC) Course Exam which is control by AP DIET CET Entrance examination for entrance into Diploma in Education in Andhra Pradesh for admission into 2-year Teaching Diploma (D.Ed).
The DIETCET is known as 'District Institute of Education and training Common Entrance Test' which will be conducted every year by the government of Andhra Pradesh.
Tags: DIET CET results 2013 declared www.dietcet.cgg.gov.in,www.dietcet.cgg.gov.in DIET CET Results 2013,DIET CET results 2013,AP Diet CET,AP DIET CET result 2013:Andhra Pradesh District institute Of Education.AP DIET CET result 2013 will declare soon – dietcet.cgg.gov.in : District Institutes of Education and Training will very soon declare
Andhra Pradesh and Kerala State combinely conducted the Teacher Training Certificate (TTC) Course Exam which is control by AP DIET CET Entrance examination for entrance into Diploma in Education in Andhra Pradesh for admission into 2-year Teaching Diploma (D.Ed).
The DIETCET is known as 'District Institute of Education and training Common Entrance Test' which will be conducted every year by the government of Andhra Pradesh.
Tags: DIET CET results 2013 declared www.dietcet.cgg.gov.in,www.dietcet.cgg.gov.in DIET CET Results 2013,DIET CET results 2013,AP Diet CET,AP DIET CET result 2013:Andhra Pradesh District institute Of Education.AP DIET CET result 2013 will declare soon – dietcet.cgg.gov.in : District Institutes of Education and Training will very soon declare
Important committees of the constituent assembly
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Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar
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Committee on the Rules of Procedure : Rajendra Prasad
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Committee on the Rules of Procedure : Rajendra PrasadSteering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar
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Committee on the Rules of Procedure : Rajendra Prasad
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Committee on the Rules of Procedure : Rajendra Prasad
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Committee on the Rules of Procedure : Rajendra Prasad
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Committee on the Rules of Procedure : Rajendra Prasad
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Committee on the Rules of Procedure : Rajendra Prasad
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
Steering Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee : Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee : Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
House Committee : B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee : K.M. Munsi
Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag : Rajendra Prasad
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly : G.V. Mavalankar
States Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas : Vallabhbhai Patel
Minorities Sub-Committee: H.C. Mookherjee
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee : J.B. Kripalani
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee: Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee: A.V. Thakkar
Union Powers Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee : Jawaharlal Nehru
Drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar - See more at: http://www.generalknowledgetoday.com/category/important-committees#sthash.sJQGmxsf.dpuf
APPSC Group-II Gk Bits
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1. The largest ground-nut producer in the world is
1. India 2. Sudan 3. Brazil 4. China
2. Which nation possesses the largest cattle population
in the world ?
1. U.S.A 2. Australia 3. India 4. Denmark
3. The largest producer of fish in the world is
1. China 2. Japan 3. U.S.A 4. Norway
4. Which country is the leading producer of cement
in the world ?
1. India 2. U.S.A 3. Britian 4. Japan
5. Which countries are seperated by the McMahon
Line ?
1. India and Pakistan 2. China and Tibet
3. India and China 4. India and Bangladesh
6. Soil erosion in India occurs in alomost all the states,
but it is especially serious along the coast of
1. Kerala 2. Tami lNadu 3. Orrissa 4. Karnataka
7. What is the ideal temperature for the cultivation
of wheat ?
1. 200 to 250 C 2. 150 to 200 C
3. 100 to 150 C 4. 250 to 300 C
8. Which state is the leading producer of coconuts in
India ?
1. Assam 2. Kerala 3. Tamil Nadu 4. Karnataka
9. Which state has the largest area under canal irrigation
in terms of total acerage ?
1. Uttar Pradesh 2. Haryana
3. Bengal 4. Punjab
10. Which state has the maximum length of roads ?
1. Madhya Pradesh 2. Bihar
3. Maharashtra 4. Punjab
11. The first postal stamp of India was released in
1837. Where was it released ?
1. Karachi 2. Bombay 3. Dhaka 4. Rangoon
12. In which state has the petro-chemical industry
developed most in India ?
1. West Bengal 2. Bihar
3. Gujarat 4. Tamil Nadu
13. What percentage of the total population of the
world lives in Asia ?
1. About 30% 2. About 45%
3. About 55% 4. About 65%
14. Which is the substance obtained on a commercial
scale from sea water, besides sodium chloride ?
1. Radium 2. Iodine 3. Thorium 4. Manganese
15. In South-East Asia, the highest population density
is found in
1. Vietnam 2. Cambodia 3. Malaysia 4. Indonesia
16. India borrowed the idea of Directive Principles of
State Policy from the Constitution of
1. The Weimar Republic of Germany
2. The Republic of Ireland
3. South Africa 4. None of the above
17. The Preamble to the Indian constitution reads
1. We, the people of India adopt, enact and give to
India this constitution
2. We, the members of the constituent Assembly
adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution
3. We, the citizens of India adopt, enact and give ourselves
this constitution
4. We, the people of India in our constituent Assembly
adopt, enact and give ourselves this constitution.
18. The ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity enshrined
in the Preamble of the constitution of India
were adopted under the inspiration of
1. The French Revolution
2. The Russian Revolution
3. The American Declaration of Independence
4. The U.N.O. Charter
19. Which of the following is a vector quantity ?
1. Mass 2. Time 3. Volume 4. Velocity
20. Mechanical energy can be converted into
1. Light energy 2. Heat energy
3. Electrical energy 4. All of the above
21. The working of rockets is based on the principle
of
1. Electricity 2. Kepler’s law
3. Newton’s law 4. Conservation of Momentum
22. The most abundantly found metal in the human
body is
1. Iron 2. Sodium 3. Calcium 4. Magnesium
23. The vitamin responsible for blood clotting is
1. A 2. B12 3. C 4. K
24. The hormone which regulates blood pressure is
1. Tyroxine 2. Insulin 3. Pituitrin 4. Adrenaline
25. The study of fungi is called
1. Genetics 2. Mycology 3. Algae 4. Physiology
26. Virus is a
1. Protein 2. Carbohydrate
3. Nucleus 4. Nucleoprotein
27. Cancer is caused by
1. Virus 2. Bacteria 3. Fungi 4. Algae
28. Which one of the following is a sedentary animal?
1. Cobra 2. Cow 3. Horse 4. Sponge
29. Red blood cells are formed in
1. The Thyroid 2. The Adrenal
3. Bone marrow 4. Thymus
30. Whales belong to the class
1. Mammalia 2. Reptilia
3. Fishes 4. Amphibia
31. Rabies is caused by
1. The bite of a dog 2. The bite of mosquito
3. Deficiency of vitamin B1 and B12
4. Deficiency of calcium
32. Alexander defeated Porus in the battle of
1. Pushkalavathi 2. Taxila
3. Hydapses 4. Rajgriha
33. English education in India was introduced by
1. Lord Curzon 2. Jawaharlal Nehru
3. Lord Macaulay 4. Lord Dalhousie
34. The Crown took over the Government of India by
1. The Charter Act of 1833
2. The Act of 1858
3. The Indian Council Act of 1861
4. Pitt’s India Act 1784
35. Jallianwalla Bagh firing took place in
1. Delhi 2. Calcutta 3. Bombay 4. Amritsar
36. Who said “Swaraj is my Birthright” ?
1. Gandhiji 2. Tilak
3. Pandit Nehru 4. S.C.Bose
37. The Taj Mahal was built by
1. Jahangir 2. Akbar
3. Shershah 4. Shahjahan
38. Who was the Prime Minister of England when the
Indian Independence Act was passed ?
1. Attlee 2. Churchil
3. Macmillan 4. Lloyd George
39. The name ‘Pakistan’ was coined by
1. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
2. Mohammad Ali Jinnah
3. Mohammad Iqbal 4. Azad
40. The Cabinet Mission was sent to India
1. To suppress communal riots
2. To determine the boundaries of India and Pakistan
3. To find a solution to the constitutional problem
4. To preach Christianity in India
41. Who was the last Governor General of India ?
1. Rajaji 2. Lord Mounbatten
3. Rajendra Prasad 4. Mavlankar
42. Who is known as ‘Deshbandhu’ ?
1. Narendra Dev 2. Pandit Nehru
3. C.R. Das 4. Gokhale
43. The location of a place is determined by
1. The noon at the place 2. The night at the place
3. Evening 4. None of the above
44. The southern super continent is called
1. Angaraland 2. Gondwanaland
3. Africa 4. None of the above
45. ‘Terra Rossa’ is a type of
1. Lake 2. Coral 3. Soil 4. Fish
46. The Earth’s circumference measures
1. 40,000 km 2. 32,000 km
3. 24,000 km 4. 48,000 km
47. Among the planets of the solar system, in terms of
size, the earth is the
1. Fourth largest planet 2. Second largest planet
3. Sixth largest planet 4. Fifth largest planet
48. ‘Socialist pattern’ comes through
1. Free economy 2. Mixed economy
3. Public sector 4. Private sector
49. Which one of the following is not a feature of a
developing economy ?
1. High rate of unemployment
2. High rate of population growth
3. High rate of capital formation
4. Widespread poverty
50. In recent years, the Indian economy has been
characterised as a
1. Developed economy 2. developing economy
3. Backward economy 4. Stagnant economy
51. ‘Subsidies’ means
1. Payment by Government for purchase of goods
and services
2. Payment by the business sector to factors of production
3. Payment by shareholders
4. Payment by Government to the business sector
52. The ‘tertiary sector’ of an economy refers to
1. Agriculture 2. Industrial sector
3. Service sector 4. Social sector
53. Expenditure of defence is an item of
1. Public investment 2. Private investment
3. Private consumption 4. Public consumption
54. The Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution
was headed by
1. B.N. Rau 2. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
3. K.M.Munshi 4. Dr. Rajendra Prasad
55. A jet engine works according to the principle of
1. Mass 2. Energy
3. Linear momentum 4. Angular momentum
56. A liquid metal is
1. Mercury 2. Aluminium 3. Sodium 4. Cadmium
57. Baking soda is
1. Sodium carbonate 2. Sodium bicarbonate
3. Calcium carbonate 4. Sodium thiosulphate
58. The gas used in fire extinguishers is
1. Carbon monoxide 2. Carbon dioxide
3. Hydrogen 4. Sulphur dioxide
59. Vinegar is
1. Picric acid 2. Oxalic acid
3. Acetic acid 4. Carbolic acid
60. Algae come under the division
1. Thallophyta 2. Bryophyta
3. Pteridophyta 4. Gymnosperm
61. Riccia is commonly called
1. Moss 2. Green mold 3. Liverwort 4. Smut
62. Transpiration through leaves is called
1. Stomatal transpiration
2. Cuticular transpiration
3. Lenticular transpiration 4. Guttation
63. Copper is a
1. Micro-nutrient 2. macro-nutrient
3. Tracer element 4. Cation
64. The enzyme present in human saliva is
1. Ranin 2. Protease 3. Amylase 4. Lipase
65. Haemoglobin is a/an
1. Enzyme 2. Sugar
3. Lipid 4. Protien in the R.B.C
66. Which one of the following is excreted in urine
normally ?
1. Sugar 2. Creatin 3. Protein 4. Fat
67. Malaria is caused by the parasite
1. Mosquito 2. Plasmodium
3. Entamoeba 4. Trypanosoma
68. The Hindu ruler who defeated Mohammad of Ghori
was
1. Prithviraj 2. Jayachandra
3. Lalitaditya 4. Vidyadhara
69. Din-I-Illahi was
1. An idea 2. Akbar’s religion
3. A mosque 4. Aurangzeb’s policy
70. The Swaraj party was formed by
1. C.R.Das 2. Pandit Nehru
3. Gandhiji 4. Subhash Chandra Bose
71. The first Indian National Congress session was
held at
1. Madras 2. Delhi 3. Bombay 4. Calcutta
72. The Home Rule League of Annie Beseant was
founded in 1916 at
1. Bombay 2. Calcutta 3. Madras 4. Delhi
73. Sandy desert is known also as
1. Erg 2. Reg 3. Drumlin 4. Serir
74. Doldrum is
1. Low pressure belt 2. High pressure belt
3. No pressure belt 4. Cyclonic best
75. Which local wind is known as “the doctor” ?
1. Bora 2. Simon 3. Harmattan4. Chinook
76. India is the largest producer of
1. Rice 2. Groundnut 3. Cotton 4. Tobacco
77. Lake Volta is a part of
1. Ghana 2. Burkina Faso 3. Ivory Coast 4. Toga
78. Which of the following is the cause of inequalities
of income ?
1. Unemployment 2. Despression in industry
3. Concentration of economic power
4. Difference in standard of living
79. Disguised unemployment refers to
1. Persons with no jobs
2. More persons employed for a job, which a few can
accomplish
3. Unemployment of women
4. Unemployment of people above 60 years
80. Inflation is caused by
1. Increase in money supply
2. Decrease in population
3. Decrease in production 4. (1) and (3)
81. The creation of a joint sector was recommended
by the
1. Raj Committee 2. New Industrial Policy
3. Dutta Committee 4. Hazari Committee
82. In India, the largest number of workers are employed
in the
1. Sugar Industry 2. Iron and Steel Industry
3. Cotton and Textile Industry
4. Jute Industry
83. Which of the following is not a basic industry ?
1. Iron and Steel 2. Fertilizers
3. Paper 4. Cement
84. Which of the following is the most important
source of revenue for the states in India ?
1. Sales tax 2. Customs duties
3. Land revenue 4. Profession tax
85. Which of the following taxes is the largest source
of revenue for the Government of India ?
1. Excise duties 2. Corporation taxes
3. Customs duties 4. Income tax
86. The largest rice producing state in India is
1. West Bengal 2. Kerala
3. Uttar Pradesh 4. Bihar
87. The Indian Constitution came into force on
1. November 26, 1949 2. August 25, 1945
3. August 15, 1947 4. January 26, 1950
88. How many states are there in India ?
1. Fifteen 2. Twenty - one
3. Twenty - five 4. Twenty - eight
89. The right to freedom is contained in Article
1. Sixteen 2. Nineteen
3. Twenty-five 4. Twenty-eight
90. The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha is
1. 238 2. 250 3. 280 4. 300
91. The tenure of the Indian President is
1. Two years 2. Four years
3. Five years 4. Six years
92. Who is the Presiding Officer of the meeting of the
Council of Ministers in a state ?
1. The Chief Minister 2. The Governor
3. The Speaker 4. The Chief Justice
93. If the Supreme Court Judges want to retire before
the expiry of their term, to whom do they have
to address their resignation ?
1. The President 2. The Chief Justice of India
3. The Prime Minister 4. The Law Minister
94. What is the retiring age of High court Judges ?
1. 58 years 2. 60 years 3. 62 years 4. 65 years
95. The Constitution of India describes India as a
1. Voluntary Federation 2. Confederation
3. Union of States 4. Federation
96. Who appoints the Chief Minister of a State ?
1. The Governor 2. The Speaker
3. The President of India
4. The Governor in consulation with the Speaker
97. The length of a rectangular field is 21m longer
than its breadth. If the area of the field is 196 m2,
then the length of the field is
1. 22m 2. 28m 3. 32m 4. 16m
98. If A : B = 2 : 3 and C : B = 3 : 4 then A : C is
1. 2 : 3 2. 2 : 4 3. 8 : 9 4. 9 : 8
99. The sum of the first five odd numbers is
1. 15 2. 25 3. 16 4. 18
100. Who is the Chairman of the 12th Finance Commission
of India
1. A.M.Khusro 2. Dr.V.V.Desai
3. Dr.C.Rangarajan 4. P.R.Panchmukhi
101. The Chairman of the National Commission on
Human Rights is
1. Justice V.R.Varma 2. Justice Anand
3. Justice V.R.Krishna Ayyer
4. Justice Jayachandra Reddy
102. How many Schedules are there at present in the
Indian Constitution ?
1. 9 2. 10 3. 11 4. 12
103. The provision of employment to all comes under
1. Fundamental Rights
2. Directive Principles of State Policy
3. Preamble 4. None of the above
104. Secularism envisages
1. No religion 2. Equal status for all religions
3. A particular religion of a state
4. None of the above
105. Who is the guardian of Fundamental Rights in
India ?
1. The President 2. The Prime Minister
3. The Parliament
4. The Supreme Court and the High Court
106. Fundamental Duties of the Indian Citizens are
included in
1. The Preamble 2. Part II of the Constitution
3. Part IV of the Constitution
4. Part IV-A of the Consitution
107. The authority to issue writs for the enforcement
of Fundamental Rights rests with
1. All the Courts of India 2. The Parliament
3. The Supreme Court 4. The President of India
108. How many members are nominated to the Rajya
Sabha by the President ?
1. One-fourth of its total members 2. Two members
3. Ten members 4. Twelve members
109. Who is the Presiding Officer of the Rajya Sabha?
1. The President 2. The Vice-President
3. The Speaker 4. The Deputy Speaker
110. The passage of a money bill may be delayed by
the Rajya Sabha for a maximum period of
1. Ten days 2. Fourteen days
3. Fifteen days 4. One month
111. In India, the Council of Ministers are collectively
responsible to
1. The Parliament 2. The Lok Sabha
3. The Rajya Sabha 4. None of the above
112. All disputes regarding the election of the President
are decided by
1. The Supreme Court 2. The Parliament
3. The Election Commission 4. None of the above
113. A man goes 150m due east and then 200m due
north. The distance of the man from the starting
point is
1. 300 m 2. 250 m 3. 350 m 4. 275 m
114. The number of rational numbers between 2 and 5
is
1. One 2. Two 3. Infinite 4. None of the above
115. The Highest Common Factor of 25 and 35 is
1. 1 2. 5 3. 7 4. 25
116. The number of prime numbers between 10 and 20
is
1. 4 2. 5 3. 6 4. 7
117. India’s first Dalit Gramin Cyber Centre was
launched in
1. Tamil Nadu 2. Andhra Pradesh
3. Madhya Pradesh 4. Karnataka
118. The first Dalit Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
was
1. D. Sanjeevaiah 2. S.K. Shinde
3. Rajamallu 4. K.Ranga Rao
119. The richest Indian in India is
1. Mukesh Ambani 2. Anil Ambani
3. Azim Premji 4. Narayana Murthy
120. The winner of the Femina Miss India Contest, 2003
is
1. Ms. Nikita Anand 2. Ms. Ami Vashi
3. Ms. Swetha Vijaya 4. Ms. Priyanka Chopra
121. The CEAT International Cricketer of the Year
Award, 2002 has been presented to
1. S. Tendulkar 2. M.Muralitharan
3. Andy Flower 4. S.Fleming
122. The CEAT International Batsman of the Year
Award, 2002 has been presented to
1. S. Tendulkar 2. S.Jayasurya
3. S.Fleming 4. S. Ganguly
123. The Gandhi Peace Prize for 2002 has been awarded
to
1. The Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan 2. Nelson Mandela
3. Collin Powell 4. Kofi Annan
124. Who is the new Chief Minister of Meghalaya ?
1. Gangaram 2. Ramalinga Rama Rao
3. Vidya Stokes 4. D.D.Lapang
125. Who is the new Chief Minister of Himachal
Pradesh ?
1. Veerabhadra Singh 2. Vidya Stokes
3. D. Singh 4. D.D. Lapang
126. The six-day World Economic Foroum 2003 was
held in
1. Switzerland 2. The Netherlands
3. Poland 4. France
127. Who is the Chairman of U.N.O. Human Rights
Commission ?
1. A.Sharon 2. N.A. Hajjaji
3. Kiran Bedi 4. Robinson
128. What is ‘cheap’ money ?
1. When money loses its value
2. Unearned money
3. When money loses its value because of inflation
4. When credit becomes easily available from banks
129. The largest known crude oil reserves are in
1. Iraq 2. U.A.E 3. U.S.A 4. Saudi Arabia
130. Which Article of the Indian Constitution empowers
the President to pardon of a convicted person ?
1. Article 62 2. Article 63
3. Article 70 4. Article 72
131. The ‘Poverty line’ is determined by
1. Per capita intake (calories)
2. Income of the family 3. General health
4. Housing and clothing facilities
132. The script used by the Indus Valley Civilization ?
1. Has not yet been developed
2. was the Vedic language
3. Was depicted through pictures and diagrams
4. None of these
133. Who were the immediate successors of the
Mauryas in Magadha ?
1. Kushans 2. Pandyas
3. Satavahanas 4. Sungas
134. Painting in the Mughal period was as its peak
during the reign of
1. Jahangir 2. Akbar
3. Shahjahan 4. Aurangzeb
135. The Sultan who made a successful attempt to free
himdelf from the control of the Ulemas was
1. Balban 2. Allauddin
3. Firoz Shah 4. Jalaluddin
136. The first five year plan adopted the
1. Lewis-Fei model 2. Mahalanobis model
3. Harrod-Domar model 4. Keynesian model
137. Select disinvestment of public sector enterprises as
an objective was included for the first time in the
1. 4th Plan 2. 7th Plan 3. 8th Plan 4. 9th Plan
138. Use of energy requirements (calorie) as a measure
of poverty in India was made for the first time by
1. Dandekar and Rath 2. Amartya Sen
3. Planning Commission 4. T.N.Sreenivasan
139. NABARD’s primary role is to
1. Provide term loans to cooperatives
2. Assist State governments for the share capital contribution
3. Act as a re-finance institution
4. All of the above
140. The Indian institution that has filed more patents
than all the individual patents put together in India
is
1. CSIR 2. ICAR 3. AIIM 4. DRDO
141. Which of the following agencies does not finance
local bodies for infrastructural development ?
1. LIC 2. HUDCO 3. CRISIL 4. ILFS
142. Aggregate measure of support (AMS) in the context
of WTO refers to the
1. Minimum support price guarnteed to the farmers
2. Quantum of subsidy given to the agricultural sector
3. Issue price of paddy and wheat
4. Insurance cover for crops
143. Trickle Down Theory of Development holds that
1. Global prosperity spreads to domestic economy
2. Development spreads downward through more
demand for labour
3. Rate of growth of taxation is not related to economic
growth rate
4. None of the above
144. Discomfort Index is a/an
1. Combination of longevity and literacy
2. Combination of standard of living and health indicators
3. Index of cost of living
4. Composition of annual inflation and unemployment
rate
145. Corbett National Park is in
1. Bihar 2. Madhya Pradesh
3. Uttar Pradesh 4. Himachal Pradesh
146. Which state produces the bulk of natural rubber
produced in India ?
1. Tamil Nadu 2. Karnataka
3. Kerala 4. Andhra Pradesh
147. Which National Highway (NH) connects Agra and
Mumbai ?
1. NH 1 2. NH 7 3. NH 4 4. NH 5
148. Which, among the following, is the most abundant
element in sea-water ?
1. Sodium 2. Chlorine 3. Iodine 4. Potassium
149. Which of the following major sea-ports of India
does not have a natural harbour ?
1. Mumbai 2. Cochin 3. Marmagao 4. Paradeep
150. Which of the following natural regions is known
as the ‘bread basket’ of the world ?
1. The Steppe region 2. The Meditrranean region
3. The Monsoon region 4. The Equatorial region
Answers
1) 1 2) 1 3) 4 4) 1 5) 2 6) 2 7) 1 8) 2 9) 3 10) 1
11) 4 12) 4 13) 2 14) 1 15) 3 16) 2 17) 3 18) 3 19) 1 20) 3
21) 1 22) 2 23) 2 24) 1 25) 2 26) 3 27) 2 28) 2 29) 2 30) 2
31) 3 32) 1 33) 3 34) 1 35) 1 36) 4 37) 1 38) 2 39) 1 40) 3
41) 4 42) 1 43) 3 44) 2 45) 2 46) 4 47) 3 48) 3 49) 2 50) 2
51) 2 52) 1 53) 1 54) 4 55) 1 56) 1 57) 1 58) 4 59) 4 60) 1
61) 3 62) 3 63) 2 64) 1 65) 4 66) 3 67) 1 68) 1 69) 2 70) 4
71) 3 72) 2 73) 2 74) 2 75) 2 76) 4 77) 3 78) 4 79) 2 80) 3
81) 3 82) 3 83) 2 84) 2 85) 3 86) 3 87) 3 88) 1 89) 1 90) 4
91) 3 92) 2 93) 1 94) 2 95) 3 96) 4 97) 3 98) 4 99) 1 100) 4
101) 1 102) 3 103) 1 104) 2 105) 2 106) 1 107) 3 108) 2 109) 4 110) 1
111) 3 112) 1 113) 1 114) 1 115) 2 116) 2 117) 2 118) 3 119) 1 120) 3
121) 3 122) 1 123) 4 124) 1 125) 4 126) 1 127) 2 128) 1 129) 4 130) 3
131) 2 132) 3 133) 2 134) 1 135) 2 136) 4 137) 1 138) 1 139) 2 140) 1
141) 3 142) 2 143) 1 144) 2 145) 2 146) 1 147) 1 148) 4 149) 1 150) 2
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